Penobscot County, ME: the USDA septic-suitability picture
Very limited
USDA puts Penobscot County, ME at "Very limited" for septic absorption fields, the dominant reading across 90.6% of the county's soil. Practically, that rules out a simple gravity system for most of the county - 90.6% of it sits in USDA's most-constrained bucket. For scale: 3,397.185 square miles and 156,840 people call Penobscot County home.
Before you rely on this for one lot
USDA's survey covers the whole of Penobscot County, ME at once, not any single address. The real answer for one lot is still a site-specific perc test, running about $750-$1,850 (typically near $1,300).
Budgeting for a system in Penobscot County, ME
Penobscot County's soil reading pushes the likely outcome toward an engineered system rather than a conventional one. Conventional systems run $3,000-$8,000 where they pass; where they don't, engineered alternatives (mound or aerobic treatment, whichever the health department requires) run $10,000-$40,000 - budget toward the higher figure until a perc test says otherwise.
Where this sits nationally
Among the 3,058 rated counties on this site, Penobscot County, ME ranks 1,203 most-constrained nationally, and 4 of 16 within Maine.
Further reading
How this rating is built, and its real limits · Conventional vs. engineered septic systems